“The Opera is a house of masks, but none so compelling as the one that hides the soul.” —from the scribbled margins of a draft, circa 1924, stained with espresso and dreams.

Let us descend once more into the gilded oubliette of the Opéra Garnier, where velvet hangs heavy with secrets and the chandeliers hold their breath in anticipation of ghostly gossip. In 1910, French journalist-turned-dream-weaver Gaston Leroux birthed a monster swathed in shadows and romantic agony—a figure part Svengali, part Satan, and wholly misunderstood. Le Fantôme de l’Opéra, that grand gothic fable of unrequited obsession and subterranean song, was a strange beast even in its native tongue: a serialised novel crouched between mystery, melodrama, and psychological horror.

When Universal Pictures chose to adapt Leroux’s tale for the silent screen in 1925, they weren’t merely translating a story—they were transmuting a fever dream into myth. And like all alchemists worth their salt, they meddled with the materials, folding in terror where once lay tenderness, and igniting the monstrous sublime in the visages of the damned.

Julian’s Mad Alchemy

Director Rupert Julian, a man known as much for his temper as his eye, took Leroux’s moody manuscript and refashioned it into a celluloid nightmare. Gone was the subtle, spectral mystery of the novel. What emerged instead was operatic hysteria, thick with fog and madness. But it wasn’t Julian alone who summoned this vision. No, dear reader—Universal, then drunk on the success of The Hunchback of Notre Dame, had found its new martyr in Lon Chaney, a man who painted agony upon his face with wire, wax, and unparalleled commitment to the grotesque.

Chaney’s Erik, the Phantom, is no brooding poetic spectre but a living corpse in formal wear, his skeletal death’s-head revealed in a moment that shattered audience composure like glass beneath a soprano’s high C. This was not merely adaptation; it was desecration made divine. Leroux’s Erik, for all his cruelty, bore the weight of a man cursed with genius and ugliness in equal measure. Chaney’s was fury incarnate.

Shadows of Phantoms to Come

Let us now glance sidelong at those who followed in Erik’s bloodstained footsteps.

Claude Rains, in Universal’s 1943 Technicolor reimagining, shed the mask for pathos. His Phantom, a disfigured violinist, exchanged the menace of the catacombs for the melancholy of lost artistry. Herbert Lom’s portrayal in Hammer’s 1962 gothic rendition continued the tragic thread, giving us a Phantom less monstrous than misunderstood, soaked in tragic grandeur rather than terror. One might say he wore his heart on his sleeve—albeit a tattered one.

Then came the 1989 phantasmagoria starring Robert Englund, a gory operetta of flesh-sewing and devilish pacts, where Erik becomes a slasher icon rather than a tragic muse. It was opera filtered through entrails, a demonic waltz that traded velvet for viscera.

And what of Andrew Lloyd Webber? Ah yes, the maestro of chandelier-dropping Broadway spectacle. In 1986, he replaced horror with haunting. His Phantom crooned rather than cursed, seduced rather than stalked. The theatregoers swooned; the purists groaned. Webber’s Erik may wear the mask, but his face is that of a rockstar poet aching for connection, not control.

Endings, Altered and Abandoned

Leroux offered us an ending steeped in bittersweet resignation: Erik, dying of love, allows Christine to go free, her kiss redeeming him. But Julian and Universal flirted with alternate finales like a coquette at the masquerade. One ending saw Erik die of a broken heart in his lair, much like Leroux intended. Another had the mob deliver justice in the form of fists and fury beside the Seine, a brutish ballet of moral clarity that denied the Phantom any redemption.

Test audiences wrinkled their noses. Producers panicked. Re-shoots ensued. The film was recut, reordered, reimagined—somewhere between a romantic tragedy and a horror parade float. The final release was stitched together like Frankenstein’s monster, yet somehow, gloriously alive.

A Legacy in Echoes

So where does that leave us, a century hence, sipping wine and typing on laptops under the flicker of gaslamp mood lighting? The Phantom of the Opera remains an eternal figure—not because he terrifies, but because he represents that exquisite pain we dare not name. The ache of being unseen, unlovable, yet desperate to create beauty from ruin.

Julian’s adaptation may have strayed from Leroux’s elegant despair, but in doing so, it birthed a mythology of masks that still dances across stages and screens. Every Phantom since has chased that same note—half horror, half heartbreak. And in that echo, we find a truth as old as tragedy itself: beneath every monster lies a man with a broken song.

• Saul Muerte

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Behind the Mask: Lon Chaney’s Transformation and Enduring Influence